publications

2026

  1. AppeaLLM: Mimicking a Closed-World Environment for Court Decision Prediction
    Niklas Wais, Max Prior, and Runsheng Chen
    2026
    To appear in ACM Symposium on Computer Science and Law (CSLAW) 2026
  2. Thinking Longer, Not Always Smarter: Evaluating LLM Capabilities in Hierarchical Legal Reasoning
    Li Zhang, Matthias Grabmair, Morgan Gray, and Kevin Ashley
    2026
    To appear in ACM Symposium on Computer Science and Law (CSLAW) 2026; preprint on arXiv
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2025

  1. CourtPressGER: A German Court Decision to Press Release Summarization Dataset
    S. Nagl, M. H. Elganayni, M. Pospisil, and Matthias Grabmair
    2025
    arXiv preprint; presented and to be published in Jurix 2025 AIDA2J Workshop Proceedings
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  2. GenDLN: Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Stacked LLM Framework for Joint Prompt Optimization
    Pia Chouayfati, Niklas Herbster, Ábel Domonkos Sáfrán, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 4: Student Research Workshop), 2025
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  3. Risks and Limits of Automatic Consolidation of Statutes
    M. Prior, A. Hof, N. Wais, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Natural Legal Language Processing (NLLP), 2025
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  4. Efficient Prompt Optimisation for Legal Text Classification with Proxy Prompt Evaluator
    H. Lee, K. C. Li, Matthias Grabmair, and S. Xu
    In Natural Legal Language Processing (NLLP), 2025
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  5. Generating Legal Commentaries from Case Databases via Retrieval, Clustering, and Generation
    M. Prior, N. Wais, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the First Argument Mining and Empirical Legal Research Workshop (AMELR), 2025
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  6. Learning from Computer Vision: The Effects of Loss Functions on Legal Text Classification with Class Imbalance
    N. Wais, and Matthias Grabmair
    In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), 2025
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  7. LexGenie: Automated Generation of Structured Reports for European Court of Human Rights Case Law
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, M. Aly, Oana Ichim, and Matthias Grabmair
    In ACL Industry Track, 2025
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  8. ProMALex: Progressive Modular Adapters for Multi-Jurisdictional Legal Language Modeling
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, and M. H. Elganayni
    In ACL, 2025
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  9. CoCoLex: Confidence-guided Copy-based Decoding for Grounded Legal Text Generation
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Y. T. Elkhayat, Oana Ichim, P. Shetty, D. Wang, Z. Ma, A. Nourbakhsh, and X. Liu
    In ACL, 2025
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  10. Fairness Beyond Performance: Investigating Reliability Disparities Across Groups in Legal NLP
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, and I. Chowdhury
    In ACL, 2025
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  11. LexCLiPR: Cross-Lingual Paragraph Retrieval from Legal Judgments
    R. Upadhya, and T. Y. S. S. Santosh
    In ACL, 2025
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  12. LexTempus: Enhancing Temporal Generalizability of Legal Language Models Through Dynamic Mixture of Experts
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, and T.-Q. Vuong
    In ACL, 2025
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  13. LexKeyPlan: Planning with Keyphrases and Retrieval Augmentation for Legal Text Generation: A Case Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, and E. Q. Hernandez
    In ACL, 2025
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  14. AQuAECHR: Attributed Question Answering for European Court of Human Rights
    K. Weidinger, T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Oana Ichim, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of ACL, 2025
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  15. QABISAR: Query-Article Bipartite Interactions for Statutory Article Retrieval
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, H. Sarwat, and Matthias Grabmair
    In COLING, 2025
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  16. RELexED: Retrieval-Enhanced Legal Summarization with Exemplar Diversity
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, C. Jia, P. Goroncy, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of NAACL, 2025
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  17. CoPERLex: Content Planning with Event-based Representations for Legal Case Summarization
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Y. Farag, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of NAACL, 2025
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  18. LeCoPCR: Legal Concept-guided Prior Case Retrieval for European Court of Human Rights Cases
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, I. M. Olguin Nolasco, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of NAACL, 2025
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  19. KI-gestützte Gesetzgebung
    Andreas Schultz, Melanie Pospisil, Kathleen Jennrich, and Matthias Grabmair
    Künstliche Intelligenz und Recht, 2025
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2024

  1. Towards Supporting Legal Argumentation with NLP: Is More Data Really All You Need?
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Kevin D. Ashley, Katie Atkinson, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Natural Legal Language Processing (NLLP) at EMNLP, 2024
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  2. The Craft of Selective Prediction: Towards Reliable Case Outcome Classification – An Empirical Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Irtiza Chowdhury, Shanshan Xu, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of EMNLP, 2024
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  3. HiCuLR: Hierarchical Curriculum Learning for Rhetorical Role Labeling of Legal Documents
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Apolline Isaia, Shiyu Hong, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of EMNLP, 2024
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  4. Incorporating Precedents for Legal Judgement Prediction on European Court of Human Rights Cases
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Mohamed Hesham Elganayni, Stanisław Sójka, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of EMNLP, 2024
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  5. PrivaT5: A Generative Language Model for Privacy Policies
    Mohammad Zoubi, T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Edgar Rosas, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Privacy in Natural Language Processing (PrivateNLP) at ACL, 2024
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  6. LexSumm and LexT5: Benchmarking and Modeling Legal Summarization Tasks in English
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, C. Weiss, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Natural Legal Language Processing (NLLP) at EMNLP, 2024
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  7. Beyond Borders: Investigating Cross-Jurisdiction Transfer in Legal Case Summarization
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, V. Venkatkrishna, S. Ghosh, and Matthias Grabmair
    In NAACL (to appear, as listed in dossier), 2024
    Listed as “to appear” in dossier
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  8. Mind Your Neighbours: Leveraging Analogous Instances for Rhetorical Role Labeling for Legal Documents
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, H. Sarwat, A. Abdou, and Matthias Grabmair
    In LREC-COLING, 2024
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  9. ECtHR-PCR: A Dataset for Precedent Understanding and Prior Case Retrieval in the European Court of Human Rights
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Rashid Gustav Haddad, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of LREC-COLING, 2024
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  10. CuSINeS: Curriculum-driven Structure Induced Negative Sampling for Statutory Article Retrieval
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, K. Kaiser, and Matthias Grabmair
    In LREC-COLING, 2024
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  11. LexAbSumm: Aspect-based Summarization of Legal Decisions
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, M. Aly, and Matthias Grabmair
    2024
    arXiv preprint (as listed in dossier); presented at LREC-COLING
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  12. Query-driven Relevant Paragraph Extraction from Legal Judgments
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, E. Q. Hernandez, and Matthias Grabmair
    In LREC-COLING, 2024
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  13. Through the Lens of Split Vote: Exploring Disagreement, Difficulty and Calibration in Legal Case Outcome Classification
    Shanshan Xu, T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Oana Ichim, Barbara Plank, and Matthias Grabmair
    2024
    arXiv preprint (as listed in dossier)
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  14. Annotation von Referenzdaten zur Entwicklung einer KI-basierten Entscheidungshilfe für den Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte: Ein Werkstattbericht
    Isabella Risini, Shanshan Xu, T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Oana Ichim, Barbara Plank, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Digitalisierung des Rechts, 2024
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  15. Steuergesetze der Zukunft – digitaltauglich formuliert und digital anwendbar: Ein Werkstattbericht zum zweiten Hackathon zur Digitalisierung des Steuerrechts
    C. Endres, Matthias Grabmair, J.-M. Hinrichs, and K. Jennrich
    Rethinking Tax, 2024

2023

  1. From Dissonance to Insights: Dissecting Disagreements in Rationale Construction for Case Outcome Classification
    Shanshan Xu, T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Oana Ichim, Isabella Risini, Barbara Plank, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023
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  2. VECHR: A Dataset for Explainable and Robust Classification of Vulnerability Type in the European Court of Human Rights
    Shanshan Xu, Leon Staufer, T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Oana Ichim, Corina Heri, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2023
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  3. Leveraging task dependency and contrastive learning for Legal Judgement Prediction on the European Court of Human Rights
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, M. Blas, P. Kemper, and Matthias Grabmair
    In EACL, 2023
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  4. Zero Shot Transfer of Legal Judgement Prediction as Article-aware Entailment for the European Court of Human Rights
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Oana Ichim, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of EACL, 2023
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  5. Joint Span Segmentation and Rhetorical Role Labelling with Data Augmentation for Legal Documents
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, P. Bock, and Matthias Grabmair
    In ECIR, 2023
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  6. Natural Language Processing; Dokumentenanalyse
    Matthias Grabmair
    In Stichwortkommentar Legal Tech, 2023
    Keyword entries in encyclopedia
  7. Digitaltaugliches Steuerrecht – Werkstattbericht "Hackathon"
    C. Endres, Matthias Grabmair, C. Heinemann, J. M. Hinrichs, and K. Jennrich
    Rethinking Tax, 2023
  8. Low Code im Praxistest – Digitaltaugliche Steuergesetzgebung ist notwendig
    C. Endres, and Matthias Grabmair
    2023

2022

  1. Deconfounding Legal Judgment Prediction for European Court of Human Rights Cases Towards Better Alignment with Experts
    T. Y. S. S. Santosh, Shanshan Xu, Oana Ichim, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2022
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  2. Extractive Summarization of Legal Decisions using Multi-task Learning and Maximal Marginal Relevance
    A. Agarwal, Shanshan Xu, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Findings of EMNLP, 2022
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  3. Attack on Unfair ToS Clause Detection: A Case Study using Universal Adversarial Triggers
    Shanshan Xu, I. Broda, Rashid Haddad, M. Negrini, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Natural Legal Language Processing (NLLP), 2022
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  4. Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the first decade
    G. Governatori, T. Bench-Capon, B. Verheij, M. Araszkiewicz, E. Francesconi, and Matthias Grabmair
    Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2022
    Listed in dossier under conference papers; journal article
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2021

  1. Context-Aware Legal Citation Recommendation using Deep Learning
    Z. Huang, C. Low, M. Teng, H. Zhang, D. E. Ho, M. S. Krass, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), 2021
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  2. Lex Rosetta: Transfer of Predictive Models Across Languages, Jurisdictions, and Legal Domains
    J. Savelka, H. Westermann, K. Benyekhlef, C. S. Alexander, J. C. Grant, D. Restrepo Amariles, R. El-Hamdani, S. Meeus, A. Troussel, M. Araszkiewicz, K. D. Ashley, A. Ashley, K. L. Branting, M. Falduti, Matthias Grabmair, J. Harasta, T. Novotna, E. Tippett, and S. Johnson
    In Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), 2021
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2020

  1. A Law School Course in Applied Legal Analytics and AI
    J. Savelka, Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    Law in Context: A Socio-legal Journal, 2020
    Listed as open access in dossier
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2019

  1. Segmentation of Rulemaking Documents for Public Notice- and Comment Process Analysis
    A. Belova, Matthias Grabmair, and E. Nyberg
    In Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and the Administrative State (AIAS), 2019
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  2. Automatic Summarization of Legal Decisions using Iterative Masking of Predictive Sentences
    L. Zhong, Z. Zhong, Z. Zhao, S. Wang, K. D. Ashley, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL), 2019
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  3. Question Answering via Web Extracted Tables and Pipelined Models
    B. Karki, F. Hu, N. Haridas, S. Barot, Z. Liu, L. Callebert, Matthias Grabmair, and A. Tomasic
    In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Exploiting Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Data Management (aiDM), 2019
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  4. Supervised Contextual Embeddings for Transfer Learning in Natural Language Processing Tasks
    M. Kale, A. Siddhant, S. Nag, R. Parik, Matthias Grabmair, and A. Tomasic
    In 2nd Learning from Limited Labeled Data (LLD) Workshop at ICLR, 2019
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2018

  1. Towards Inference-Oriented Reading Comprehension: ParallelQA
    S. Wadhwa, V. Embar, Matthias Grabmair, and E. Nyberg
    2018
    NAACL workshop; arXiv:1805.03830 (as listed in dossier)
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2017

  1. Sentence Boundary Detection in Adjudicatory Decisions in the United States
    J. Savelka, Vern R. Walker, Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    TAL, 2017
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  2. How Would You Say It? Eliciting Lexically Diverse Dialogue for Supervised Semantic Parsing
    A. Ravichander, T. Manzini, Matthias Grabmair, G. Neubig, J. Francis, and E. Nyberg
    In SIGDIAL, 2017
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  3. Predicting Trade Secret Case Outcomes using Argument Schemes and Learned Quantitative Value Effect Tradeoffs
    Matthias Grabmair
    In ICAIL Proceedings, 2017
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2016

  1. Document Ranking with Citation Information and Oversampling Sentence Classification in the LUIMA Framework
    A. Bansal, Z. Bu, B. Mishra, S. Wang, K. D. Ashley, and Matthias Grabmair
    In Proceedings of the International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX), 2016
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  2. Modeling Purposive Legal Argumentation and Case Outcome Prediction using Argument Schemes in the Value Judgment Formalism
    Matthias Grabmair
    University of Pittsburgh, 2016
    Doctoral Dissertation (listed in dossier)
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2015

  1. Introducing LUIMA: An Experiment in Legal Conceptual Retrieval of Vaccine Injury Decisions using a UIMA Type System and Tools
    Matthias Grabmair, K. D. Ashley, R. Chen, P. Sureshkumar, C. Wang, E. Nyberg, and V. R. Walker
    In ICAIL Proceedings, 2015
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2014

  1. Mining Information from Statutory Texts in Multi-jurisdictional Settings
    J. Savelka, Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX), 2014
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  2. Network Analysis of Manually-Encoded State Laws and Prospects for Automation
    P. M. Sweeney, E. F. Bjerke, M. A. Potter, H. Güçlu, C. R. Keane, K. D. Ashley, Matthias Grabmair, and R. Hwa
    In Network Analysis in Law, 2014

2013

  1. Using Event Progression to Enhance Purposive Argumentation in the Value Judgment Formalism
    Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In ICAIL Proceedings, 2013
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2012

  1. A Survey of Uncertainties and their Consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation
    Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In Bayesian Argumentation - The Practical Side of Probability, 2012
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2011

  1. Toward Extracting Information from Public Health Statutes using Text Classification and Machine Learning
    Matthias Grabmair, K. D. Ashley, R. Hwa, and P. M. Sweeney
    In JURIX 2011: The 24th Annual Conference, 2011
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  2. Facilitating Case Comparison Using Value Judgments and Intermediate Legal Concepts
    Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In ICAIL Proceedings, 2011
    Donald H. Berman Best Student Paper Award (as listed in dossier)
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2010

  1. Argumentation with Value Judgments - An Example of Hypothetical Reasoning
    Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In JURIX 2010: The 23rd Annual Conference, 2010
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  2. Probabilistic Semantics for the Carneades Argument Model Using Bayesian Networks
    Matthias Grabmair, T. F. Gordon, and D. Walton
    In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA), 2010
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2009

  1. Using Critical Questions to Disambiguate and Formalize Statutory Provisions
    Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In ICAIL Proceedings, 2009
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2005

  1. Towards Modeling Systematic Interpretation of Codified Law
    Matthias Grabmair, and K. D. Ashley
    In JURIX 2005: The Eighteenth Annual Conference, 2005
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